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Siamese Algae Eater, Crossocheilus siamensis (Smith, 1931)
This slender algae eating barb is the only known fish that eats red algae. It comes from the flowing waters of Thailand and the Malay peninsula. It was first brought to Europe in 1962, but became popular in the 1970's when its ability to eat red algae was noticed. The fish is also known as Siamese Flying Fox, and Siamese Fox. It previous scientific name was Epalzeorhynchus siamensis. To those interested in the fine, but admittedly boring details of taxonomy, the genus Crossocheilus differs from Epalzeorhynchus by rhynal lobes (nasal lobes).
"False siamensis", Epalzeorhynchus sp. or Garra taeniata
This algae eating barb strongly resembles the Siamese Algae Eater. It comes from the same region and at least young specimens can school together. These fish are often mistaken for real Siamese Algae Eater and in Finland it is common to see some specimens among a tankful of Siamese Algae Eaters. It seems that the real Siamese Algae Eater is a rarity in US, and the "false siamensis" is normally sold as Siamese Algae Eater. More confusing is that many respected Aquarium books (e.g. Baensch Atlas, Volume 1, english edition) present this fish as the Siamese Algae Eater (Crossocheilus siamensis).
There is still some uncertainty regarding the true identity of this fish. Markku Varjo states that it is the Siamese Stone Lapping Fish (Garra taeniata Smith 1931), but other very knowledgeable aquarists (including Heiko Bleher and Fumitoshi Mori) believe it is some species of Epalzeorhynchus. More information from Heiko will be forthcoming from the authors.
Chinese Algae Eater, Gyrinocheilus aymonieri (Tirant, 1883)
This Algae Eater belongs to family Gyrinocheilidae, although it resembles both loaches and Algae Eating barbs. Its English name isn't very accurate, because it comes from Northern India and Thailand, not China. It is also called the Indian Algae Eater. There are still some unclear points in the systematic classification of this genus and it is possible that the species most often imported isn't G. aymonieri but G. kaznakovi. There are also two other species (G. pustulosus and G. pennocki).
Description
Chinese Algae Eater is a bottom-dweller. The most prominent feature is a big suckermouth, which it uses for scraping algae and clinging to objects. There is a special opening on the upper part of the gill cover for the water intake so the fish can breath without using its mouth. This same feature is seen on Suckermouth Catfishes. The fish is light brown and there is a dark grey or brown horizontal pattern on its side, which can be either a zig-zag edged solid stripe or a row of separate spots or anything between these two. Young specimens are more colorful. There are some dark patches at the back and small brown spots at the tail. All the other fins are transparent or slightly brownish. Maximum length is 27 cm (11") but normally it doesn't exceed 15 cm (6") in an aquarium. Females are larger and fuller, adult males might show spawning tubercles on the head.
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